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1. All content on this page is distributed under license Creative Commons Attribution - Share Alike 3.0 Unported. In simple words you can copy, link and publish any page or image with the only warning to indicate the source: heraldrysinstitute.com.


2. A Heraldic Trace is a starting point for researchers and has not yet been revised; a Heraldic preview is a card with higher reliability


3. For corrections, additions or publications of heraldic informations requests please write us an email with the requested text and the bibliographic or historical source.


4. The contents shown do not constitute attribution of a noble title and they do not attribute kinship relationships between homonymous surnames; the exposed or mentioned coats were matched to a surname or variant. This is not a genealogical research.