Calamandrei has a stock in Florence and in the Florentine and one in Fano in the Pesaro area, it could derive from the medieval name Calamandro of which we have an example: "... That the Prince of France killed the giant Calamandro in time, that the comrade haueua killed l 'another caualliere, the great care, which took the damsel Mora for the health of her believed lover, & as after being cured, they all began to aim at the marziglioso source ...: ", or even more probably , from a nickname originated from the term kalamandrea, a curative herbaceous substitute for sugar in the Middle Ages, as we read in this paper of 1310: "... You still take tuzia powdered in the mind and stenperata with sugho of kalamandrea ...", could, although highly unlikely, deriving from the word calamandro, a sort of very hard exotic (Indian) wood, a very ancient trace of this surname in Tuscany is found at the end of the year 1294: "... In this while esteeming pope Bo although the opportune time had come, that the Sicilians would receive King Charles, he sent Boniface Calamander, a very astute and very practical man in legations and matters of importance, to Sicily to persuade the Sicilians to take King Charles for their lord ... ".
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