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Martyr is widespread in the Cosenza area and in Puglia in the Bari and Foggia areas, has a stock in Naples and Rome, Martiri has a nucleus in Gubbio (PG) and in Rome, with presences also in Lombardy and in the Marche, Martiro is unique. , derives from the medieval name Martire, of which we have an example in Milan in a Expertise of the Chamber Cesarea of the Duchy of Milan of September 1546: "In Nomine Domini Anno a Nativitate eiusdem Millessimo Quingentessimo Quadragesimo sexto Indictione prima die sabbati proxime mensis septembris. Cum sit quod omnia et quaecumque bona et iura, qua fuerunt Domini Petri Martiri Delphinoni fuerint et sint Cesareae Camerae confiscata et nomine ipsius aprehensa ... ", in some cases it may be surnames attributed to foundlings, recorded most frequently in the Neapolitan and areas subject to Bourbon domination. additions provided by Stefano Ferrazzi Martire is more typically southern, with major stocks in Cosenza, Naples, Bari and Foggia and minor stocks scattered throughout Italy, Martiri, much rarer than the previous one, is present almost exclusively between north and central north of the country, mainly in the Perugia, Ancona and Roman areas, Martyr, unique, should be a transcription error of Martyr, all these surnames derive from the Christian-medieval name Martyr, with the literal meaning of witness and, in a broad sense, a witness to faith, that is, who accepts to sacrifice his own life to bear witness to what he believes; in minor cases, however, it cannot be excluded that some of these surnames derive from an ancient playful nickname, meaning campagnolo, provincial. In conclusion, then, we are dealing with the surnames or personal names of the founders or their nicknames.
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