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The Bishop of Reggio Emilia pro tempore bears the title of Prince, and while other bishops in Italy put the noble title before the episcopal title, that of Reggio Emilia is called Bishop and Prince. Many historians and scholars have dealt with the order of this title to establish its age and the document of concession. The Modenese Heraldic Commission in a generic way, and perhaps to avoid more precise and difficult investigations, indicated it with the phrase "ab immemorabile", then reported in the Italian Official Noble List. It turns out that the Bishop of Reggio had emperors in the Middle Ages, and in different eras, concessions and investitures of privileges and faculties proper to civil authorities. Since Charlemagne in 781 immunity was granted to the Bishop of Reggio for his rights and property. Subsequently by other emperors he was granted rights of "advocacy" and of inquisition; then jurisdiction over the streets of the city and its surroundings. In 942 Ugo and Lothair donated to the Bishop all the lands of imperial domains for a Reggio of 3 miles, then extended to 4 miles. With a diploma of 1027, which is preserved, he was named by Corrado II "Permanent Messo Dominico" with free power in the city and outside up to 4 miles, with the faculty "duellum judicandi, legem et justitiam fatiendi, et quiduid aliud regalibus missis concessum est" . Concessions then confirmed by Frederick II. During the latter's empire, Bishop Nicolò Maltraversi also struck coins. All these concessions, recognized and confirmed, of civil authority (for which we sell in the XIV century bishops of Reggio invested with their castles and their fiefdoms "for anulum per gladium feritorium, ad usum regni, per merum et mixtum imperium"), brought to the title of prince, of which bishop Serafini Tavacci da Trino was