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Borelli, a very common surname, is decidedly panitalian, distributed throughout Italy, but particularly present in western Piedmont and in Borello Calabria, typical of central southern Italy Borrelli and Borrello, the latter particularly in Sicily and Calabria, with clear derivation from toponyms Borrello of Catania (CT), Borrello d San Mauro (PA) and Laureana di Borrello (CZ), typically from the Borriello area of Campania. The derivation of these surnames, in addition to toponyms, could be ascribed to the term borro (stream, ravine, crevasse), or even in some cases from the Celtic word borro (haughty, proud), which seems to have also generated the medieval name Borellus, of to which we have an example in this act of sale of June 24, 1010: "In nomine Domini, ego Borellus vobis emtoribus meis Bernard et filiis suis Onoffredus et Dominico. For hanc scripturam vindicionis mee vindo vobis. I sorte de terra cum suis arboribus que east in Nepetana valley, in ipso Vilare, et est ad ipsos. ", which seems to be the most probable origin of these surnames. additions provided by Stefano Ferrazzi Borel, almost unique, seems to be from Turin, Borella, much more common, has a large concentration in the north of the country, Borelli, also widespread mostly in the north and central north, also has secondary strains in the south, especially in Catanzaro and Lecce, as well as in Lazio, between the Roman and the Latin, Borello is predominantly Piedmontese, but has an original lineage also in the Vibo area, Borielli, unique, is probably a transcription error by Borrielli, concentrated for most in Sassari, Boriello, very rare, is also a transcription error by Borriello, who, present all over the country, has a large epicenter in the Neapolitan dialect, Borrel, unique, is found only in Collegno (TO) , Borrelli, distributed more or less throughout Italy, has a greater frequency in the Neapolitan dialect, Borrello has larger stocks in the Sicilian-Calabrian area, as well as in the Lecce area, and smaller stocks scattered throughout the peninsula, Borrelo, a ico, is found only in Altomonte (CS), for Borreli and Borrella, almost unique, it is instead very difficult to indicate a precise origin. As far as the etymological aspect is concerned, different hypotheses can be drawn about all these surnames, indeed, given their great variety, it is very probable that not all of them share the same origin: for some, an interpretation can be valid in topographical or toponymic sense, for others a derivation from an old nickname and for others still (probably most of them) can finally be worth the surname of an ancient baptismal name. Starting with the first category, that is relative to the toponymy or place identifiers, it must be remembered that in our country there are numerous toponyms containing the terms borello, borella and the like (just to name a few, Borrello (CH), Borella (PD), Valle del Borello, in the Romagna Apennines, etc.): at their base is often (but not always) the term borro, which indicates either a ravine or a steep place crossed by water. In this case, then, the surname could derive either directly from the toponymy or from the inhabiting of the founders near a gully. As I said before, however, some of the aforementioned toponyms do not necessarily derive from the word borro. Interesting, for example, is the history of the municipality of Borrello, once part of the so-called Terra Borrellense: extended between the Alto Molise and the Chieti area, this land, in effect, was a great feudal possession belonging to a powerful Frankish family, which bore the name of Borrello (the Italianization, that is, of the French Borel; for anyone interested in the history of the Terra Borrellense, you can consult the site www.borrellosite.com/fidibo.htm). In particular cases, then, one cannot exclude a direct descent from some branches of the so-called Sons of Borrello or, in any case, from having worked the progenitors in this family. The second hypothesis, that is relative to the derivation from a nickname, takes into consideration the different meanings that, over time, have assumed the terms burella or burello (of which borella, borello and the like could be variants): with burella, ad example, it meant an underground corridor, narrow and dark and, by extension, the term was also used in the meaning of prison; in another meaning meaning, then, the word burella was also a synonym of gut, intestine; finally, burello was the name given to a type of dark and raw cloth. In my opinion this second hypothesis is the one that enjoys less validity because, given the high diffusion and variety of these surnames, it seems strange that they could derive from such specific terms; however these very terms help me to introduce the third and last hypothesis, which I consider to be the most probable or, at least, the one that best justifies the variety and frequency of the surnames examined. In most cases, in fact, Borello, Borriello and the like should derive from the medieval name Borellus: it is a rather common personal in the Middle Ages, not only in Italy to tell the truth (in France, for example, it was known as Borel, Bouriel, etc., in Spain such as Borrell and Burrel, in English-speaking countries such as Borel, Burrel, etc. and so on). According to an interesting theory, the origin of this name (of which, however, there are no absolute certainties) should be sought in the late Latin term burrus (of which burellus or borellus are hypocoristic forms), with the meaning of fiery red, flaming (in Latin, actually, the term has also taken on the meaning of dark red, gloomy): burrus, borrowed from the Greek pyrrhos, is the same item that also gave rise to the burella and burello words mentioned above, as well as to the dark term (which, in the archaic Italian, was in fact known as buro). To sum up, then, the name Borellus would not mean anything other than reddish, reddish and would be equivalent to the Greek name Pyrrhos (known in Italy as Pirro); if we think, now, of the very high diffusion of names and surnames derived from the ancient Italian name and nickname Rosso (Rossi, for example, is the most widespread surname in all of Italy), then we understand why Borello, Borriello and the like are so widely present in our country (and also abroad). To confirm this theory, in conclusion, we can cite an illustrious French character of the eleventh century: Oddone I, better known by the nickname of Borel, that is the Red, was Duke of Burgundy from 1079 to 1103.
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